Heterogeneity of eye drop use among symptomatic dry eye individuals in Japan: large-scale crowdsourced research using DryEyeRhythm application

To determine eye drop type and usage frequency investigate risk factors for no use in individuals with symptomatic dry (DE) Japan. Crowdsourced observational study. This study was conducted using the DryEyeRhythm smartphone application between November 2016 September 2019. Data collected included of use, demographics, medical history, lifestyle, self-reported symptoms. Symptomatic DE defined as an Ocular Surface Disease Index total score ? 13. Risk were identified multivariate logistic regression analyses. Among 2619 DE, 1876 did not drops. The most common artificial tears (53.4%), followed by hyaluronic acid 0.1% (33.1%) diquafosol sodium 3% (18.7%). (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) age (0.97 [0.97–0.98]), body mass index (1.04 [1.01–1.07]), brain disease (0.38 [0.15–0.98]), collagen (0.30 [0.13–0.68]), mental illness other than depression schizophrenia (0.65 [0.45–0.93]), cataract surgery (0.12 [0.02–0.59]), ophthalmic laser-assisted situ keratomileusis (0.55 [0.34–0.88]), current (0.47 [0.38–0.57]) or past (0.58 [0.43–0.77]) contact lens >8 h screen exposure time (1.38 [1.05–1.81]), <6 (1.24 [1.01–1.52]) >9 (1.34 [1.04–1.72]) sleep time, water intake [0.94–0.98]). Many participants optimized treatment use. may help improve treatment.